The main object of this booklet is to help the physician to understand the state of mind and disposition of the patient. A few illustrative cases are given to show how the method can be put into practice. In view of the fact that many students complain of getting confused when 'taking the case', the authors felt the necessity of outlining how to elicit the other symptoms which complete the 'totality of the case' such as the physical generals, causations, concomitants, the peculiar, uncommon and characteristic symptoms (sometimes called keynotes).